Serge NOEL
451 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
451 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
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<title>Hardware Support: Using Arduinos with JMRI</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Jerry Grochow">
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<meta name="keywords" content="JMRI arduino DCC-EX CMRI serial">
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<div id="mainContent">
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<h1 id="top">Hardware Support: Using Arduinos with JMRI</h1>
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<img src="images/JMRIArduinoTitlepicBrackstone.jpg" alt="Benson Valley Railway" height="192"
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width="360">
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<p style="font-size:60%">Picture Credit: <a href=
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"https://web.archive.org/web/20220118050523/https://www.motorhomesites.org.uk/railway/JMRI_Arduino_Setup.php"
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target="_blank">http://www.motorhomesites.org.uk</a> [ archived ]</p>
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<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino" target="_blank">Arduino micro
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controllers</a> are special purpose computers that, with appropriate sensors and other
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electronics, can be used to emulate DCC command stations and decoders, control turnout
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machines, light buildings and scenery, and animate just about anything on your layout -- all
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under control of JMRI.</p>
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<ul class="snav">
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<li>
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<a href="#intro">Introduction</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="#connect">Connecting</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="#using">Using JMRI Features</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="#example-CMRI">Step-by-Step CMRI Node</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="intro">Introduction to Using Arduinos with JMRI</h2>
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<p>Using arduinos on your layout is no harder than you want it to be. You can get a block
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occupancy system up and operating and communicating with your sensors and panels in JMRI in
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just a couple of hours. You can also design a custom layout animation that is triggered by
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Logix or a Jython script and take days to work out all the kinks. You can even use an arduino
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as your DCC command station with <a href="../dcc-ex/index.shtml">DCC-EX EX-CommandStation</a>. It's up to
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you.</p>
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<p>Software to develop code on your arduino is free online at <a href=
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"https://www.arduino.cc/" target="_blank">arduino.cc</a>.</p>
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<p>There are many ways that arduinos can be used on your railroad with JMRI:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>As a DCC command station</li>
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<li>As a DCC decoder installed in a locomotive</li>
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<li>As a DCC decoder attached to an auxiliary device, including turnouts and lights</li>
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<li>To detect block occupancy using current sensing, infra-red, photo-optical or other
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sensors</li>
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<li>To control a relay to turn accessories on or off</li>
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<li>To directly control lights and create various lighting effects</li>
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<li>To control motors of various types (via optional motor control boards), such as for
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moving signs, Ferris wheels, etc.</li>
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<li>To combine block occupancy and motor control to create triggered animations</li>
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<li>To control servo motors to create other types of animations, including turnout
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operation, crossing gates, and many others.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>JMRI provides support to use an arduino as a DCC command station ( <a href=
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"../dccpp/index.shtml">DCC-EX</a>) or as a DCC decoder (by setting up a <a href=
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"../../apps/DecoderPro/CreateDecoder.shtml">decoder definition file</a>. You can also use
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arduinos to control one or more auxiliary devices on your railroad by connecting the arduino
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to your computer running JMRI either through the tracks (in which case it will receive
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commands as any other decoder) or through an auxiliary network such as <a href=
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"../cmri/CMRI.shtml">C/MRI</a> or <a href="../loconet/Digitrax.shtml">Loconet</a> in which
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case they will communicate with JMRI by following the rules of that protocol. Sections below
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will help you get started.</p>
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<h3>Additional Reference Material</h3>
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<p>You can find information about typical projects in a variety of places on the web. Some to
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look at include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>For questions about using arduinos with model railroading (including use with JMRI), go
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to the <a href="https://groups.io/g/arduini" target="_blank">"arduini" discussion group</a>
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</li>
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<li>For examples of animations, DCC decoders, and the like, see <a href=
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"https://forum.mrhmag.com/post/geoff-bunzas-blogjournal-index-12218222" target="_blank">Geoff Bunza's
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blog</a>. [Many of these can easily be adapted to communicate with JMRI.]
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</li>
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<li>For arduino code to implement a number of the topics listed above, go to <a href=
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"https://github.com/Arduini-Projects" target="_blank">this page in Github.</a> Also, type
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in search terms like "arduino," "model railroad," "DCC," and, of course, "JMRI."
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</li>
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<li>For just about anything having to do with arduinos and JMRI, go to <a href=
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"https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=model+railroading+jmri+arduino" target=
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"_blank">YouTube for hundreds of videos</a>, some with very detailed descriptions of how to
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set up JMRI to interact with arduinos.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>New blogs and videos are being created almost daily describing additional uses for
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arduinos on the railroad. With the steady introduction of new sensors and controllers to
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connect to the pins on an arduino, there is hardly an electronically controllable item that
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cannot be controlled via JMRI.</p>
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<p><a href="#top">[Go to top of page]</a>
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</p>
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<h2 id="connect">Connecting to JMRI</h2>
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<ul class="snav">
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<li>
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<a href="#CMRI">CMRI</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="#serial">Serial</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="#multi">RS485</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Arduinos communicate with your Windows, Mac, or Linux computer in a variety of ways
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depending on the function they are performing:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>via a USB port if acting as a <a href="../dcc-ex/index.shtml">DCC command station.</a>
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</li>
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<li>via connection to the track or a connection to <a href=
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"../loconet/Digitrax.shtml">Loconet</a> (requires additional circuitry) or <a href=
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"../can/cbus/index.shtml#thirdpary">CBUS®</a> network if acting as a DCC decoder (see, for
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example, this <a href="https://github.com/mrrwa/NmraDcc" target="_blank">arduino library on
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Github</a>)
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</li>
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<li>via a USB port if emulating a <a href="#CMRI">CMRI node</a>
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</li>
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<li>via TCP/IP using the <a href="../mqtt/index.shtml">MQTT protocol</a>
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</li>
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<li>via a USB port for direct <a href="#serial">serial communications</a>
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</li>
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<li>via a USB-to-RS485 connector if <a href="#multi">multiple arduinos are connected</a>
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via an RS485 network
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The following sections provide hints for using some of the different communication
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approaches.</p>
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<h3 id="CMRI">Emulating a CMRI node</h3>
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<p>One of the simplest ways to have your arduino communicate with JMRI is to install software
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that allows it to emulate a CMRI node. [See <a href="../cmri/CMRI.shtml">the CMRI help
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page</a> for information about using CMRI nodes with JMRI.] On the arduino, install one of
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the arduino C/MRI libraries and include it in your sketch (for example, the library by
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Michael Adams <a href="https://github.com/madleech/ArduinoCMRI" target="blank_">available on
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Github</a> ( see also <a href=
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"https://web.archive.org/web/20220118050523/https://www.motorhomesites.org.uk/railway/JMRI_Arduino_Setup.php"
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target="_blank" >Stephen Brackstone's website</a> [ archived ] for an example of its use).
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See also <a href="#example-CMRI">below</a> for a set of steps to get up and operating with an arduino
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as CMRI node with JMRI.</p>
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<p>Some notes of interest when programming your arduino as a CMRI node:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Be sure to set the communication speed (baud rate) the same in your arduino sketch and
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in the JMRI <a href="../cmri/CMRI.shtml#L215">CMRI system connection</a>. The baud rate
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will only be visible on the JMRI Preferences->Connections window if you check the box
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for "Additional Connection Settings."
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</li>
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<li>When defining JMRI objects such as sensors and turnouts that are identified with CMRI
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bits, JMRI starts numbering CMRI bits with 1 while common CMRI software for arduinos starts
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with 0. Writing ("setting") CMRI bit 0 within an arduino sketch sets JMRI CMRI input bit 1
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for the appropriate node. Thus, a JMRI Sensor named CS2001 (bit 1 on node 2) will be
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controlled by setting CMRI bit 0 in the code in an arduino sketch. Reading ("getting") CMRI
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bit 0 within an arduino sketch will read the bit controlling the JMRI Turnout or Light
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attached to CMRI output bit 1 in JMRI, e.g. CT2001 or CL2001 (note that you cannot have
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both a Light and a Turnout controlling the same output bit). See also the <a href=
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"#example-CMRI">example setup below</a>.
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</li>
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<li>When using arduinos to control JMRI turnouts, be mindful that JMRI's behavior is
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different if the turnout is defined to have steady-state output vs. pulsed output (see
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<a href="../cmri/CMRI.shtml#L519">CMRI Turnout Options</a> for more information). It is
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easier to set the JMRI turnout to have steady output and use the arduino programming to
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take appropriate action depending on the type of turnout switch machine you are using.
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</li>
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<li>Turnout feedback works differently for CMRI than other networks when also using fascia
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panel switches as part of your operation. It is easy to program an arduino to have switches
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throw your turnouts, however, JMRI behavior may not be what you expect (if you attempt to
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send feedback to JMRI, JMRI will effectively ignore that and attempt to set the turnout
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back to what the JMRI turnout table says it should be). See the <a href=
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"../cmri/CMRI.shtml#L519">CMRI Turnout Options</a> for the correct information.
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</li>
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<li>The <a href="../cmri/CMRI.shtml#L568">CMRI Network Manager</a> can be used to turn on
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and off communication to any CMRI node that you want, something that is useful if one or
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more are temporarily taken out of service or being tested.
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</li>
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<li>When you change the state of more than one CMRI-connected device (say two turnouts) in
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one <a href="../../tools/Routes.shtml">Route</a> or <a href=
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"../../tools/Logix.shtml">Logix</a>, you can't be sure whether you will get both bits the
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first time your arduino program asks for them. After a while (typically a fraction of a
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second), you will, but program your arduino sketch to be sensitive to this issue.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>See also the section below for a <a href="#example-CMRI">Step-by-Step example of creating
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an arduino-based CMRI Node.</a></p>
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<p><a href="#top">[Go to top of page]</a>
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</p>
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<h3 id="serial">Serial communication</h3>
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<p>Arduinos can be directly connected to a USB port and use serial communications via a
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<a href="../../tools/scripting/index.shtml">Jython script</a> executed in JMRI. An example is
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included in <a href="../../../../../jython/SerialPortTest.py">the JMRI Jython directory.</a>
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Geoff Bunza describes a <a href=
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"https://forum.mrhmag.com/post/sma28-jmri-sensor-channels-%E2%80%93-direct-arduino-to-jmri-communications-simple-support-for-lots-of-12210793"
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target="_blank">serial communication script for collecting sensor data</a> from an arduino. It is
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not necessary to configure a JMRI system connection to use direct serial communications.</p>
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<p><a href="#top">[Go to top of page]</a>
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</p>
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<h3 id="multi">Using multiple arduinos via RS-485</h3>
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<p class="im"><img src="images/rs485chain.jpg" alt="RS485 Daisy Chain" class="floatRight"
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height="211" width="396"> Although JMRI permits more than one CMRI connection to be
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configured for a layout, it is often convenient to connect multiple arduinos on a single
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CMRInet connection. This eliminates the need to have individual USB cables going from each
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arduino to separate USB ports on your computer. Instead, multiple arduinos can be connected
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via an RS-485 adapter to an RS-485 two wire cable in a "daisy chain" (each arduino connected
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to the next), ending in an RS-485-to-USB adapter to connect to the JMRI computer as shown in
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this diagram:</p>
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<p>Connect each arduino to an RS-485 communication board via the serial pins on your arduino.
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There are multiple sources for the RS485 communication board that range in price from a few
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dollars to upwards of $30. You will also need a single USB-RS485 converter, also available
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from multiple sources.</p>
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<p>See <a href=
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"https://web.archive.org/web/20220811002302/https://www.motorhomesites.org.uk/railway/JMRI_Two_Arduino_control_with_CMRI.php"
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target="blank_">Stephen Brackstone again</a> [ archived ]
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for a good description of how to do this setup.</p>
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<p>Then include a RS-485 library in your arduino sketch (for example, <a href=
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"https://github.com/madleech/Auto485" target="_blank">this one by Michael Adams</a>). Make
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sure each arduino is assigned a different CMRI node number. You do not need any additional
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software on your computer. Simply tell JMRI what USB port the converter is connected to and
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all arduinos on the RS485 network will be seen by JMRI.</p>
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<p><a href="#top">[Go to top of page]</a>
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</p>
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<h2 id="using">Using JMRI Features and Tools with Arduinos</h2>
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<p>Arduinos can be connected to almost any electronic component used on a model railroad,
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including turnout motors, turnout relays, led lighting, and a wide variety of sensors. You
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can, for example, define a <a href="../../tools/Sensors.shtml">sensor within JMRI</a> that is
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identified with a CMRI input bit and a <a href="../../tools/Turnouts.shtml">turnout</a>
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identified with a CMRI output bit, both of which are processed by an arduino for controlling
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a turnout motor. Or, you can identify those sensors and turnouts as "internal" (JMRI objects
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not associated with hardware on your layout) and use a <a href=
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"../../tools/scripting/index.shtml">script</a> to process the data flow back and forth to the
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arduino.</p>
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<p>Here are some examples with links to explanatory articles and/or arduino code that you can
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learn from:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Block occupancy detectors: Connect an arduino to several block occupancy detectors and
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define JMRI sensors to report whether blocks are occupied. Layout panels will show tracks
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changing color as blocks go from unoccupied to occupied and back again.</li>
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<li>Location detectors: Connect an arduino to a "point" sensor such as a photooptical
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module, infrared module, Hall effect reader, RFID reader, etc. Define a JMRI sensor that
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goes active when the physical sensor is active and use this to control routes, Logix, or
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other JMRI "triggered" action.</li>
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<li>Turnout control: Connect an arduino to a turnout motor or switch machine (will require
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using an auxiliary circuit board to power these devices). Define a turnout in JMRI and a
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sensor for feedback. When the arduino receives a request from JMRI to thrown the turnout
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(via whatever network protocol you have chosen - see <a href="#connect">above</a>), have
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the arduino throw the turnout and set the sensor.
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</li>
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<li>Multiple turnout control via serial communications: See step-by-step and code from
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Geoff Bunza <a
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href="https://forum.mrhmag.com/post/sma29-jmri-turnout-channels-%E2%80%93-direct-jmri-to-arduino-communications-simple-support-for-lots-of-12210817"
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target="_blank">here.</a>
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</li>
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<li>Logix triggering: Connect an arduino to a fascia panel switch or pushbutton. Define a
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JMRI sensor that is used to trigger a Logix to do something (perhaps throw some turnouts,
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set some lights, etc.). Program the arduino to set the sensor when the switch or pushbutton
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is activated.</li>
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<li>Light or animation control: Add a motor controller to your arduino, create a <a href=
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"../../tools/Lights.shtml">JMRI light object</a> to send a control command, create a few
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sensors in JMRI for feedback, and use this <a href=
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"https://github.com/jerryg2003/MRR-arduino-auxmotorcontrol" target="_blank">sketch to
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control an auxiliary motor,</a> such as would be in a Ferris wheel. Use <a href=
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"../../tools/Lights.shtml">JMRI light objects</a> to send commands to change speed or other
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characteristics of the animation either via serial communications or using the byte
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communication techniques discussed on <a href="ArduinoCMRIByteComm.shtml">this page.</a>
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</li>
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<li>Speedometer: monitor the time it takes for a locomotive to trigger between two (or more
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sensors), and using the distance between them, compute its speed. Send that information to
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JMRI either via serial communications or using the byte communication techniques discussed
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on <a href="ArduinoCMRIByteComm.shtml">this page.</a>
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</li>
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<li>Car counter: using location detectors placed above the level of trucks and couplers,
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write an arduino sketch to count cars as they go by. Connect to JMRI via <a href="#serial">
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serial communications</a> and write a <a href=
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"../../tools/scripting/index.shtml">script</a> to write the number to a <a href=
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"../../tools/Memories.shtml">JMRI memory object</a> which can be display on a <a href=
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"../../apps/PanelPro/index.shtml">panel showing your layout.</a>
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</li>
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<li>DCC Decoder: Turn your arduino into an <a href="https://github.com/mrrwa/NmraDcc"
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target="_blank">NMRI compatible decoder</a>. Use <a href=
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"../../apps/DecoderPro/index.shtml">DecoderPro</a> to change the configuration variables.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The possibilities are nearly endless.</p>
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<p><a href="#top">[Go to top of page]</a>
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</p>
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<h2 id="example-CMRI">Step-by-Step Example Using Arduino as a CMRI Node</h2>
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<p>This example will walk through main steps of using an arduino to monitor a block occupancy
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sensor and and JMRI using that sensor to change the color of the track of the occupied
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section on a layout panel. This is not meant to be a tutorial on either arduinos or JMRI, but
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rather to provide a guide for someone generally familiar with both but just trying to use
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them together. Much more can be found by checking some of the references listed in <a href=
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"#intro">the Introduction above.</a></p>
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<ul>
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<li>First connect whichever block occupancy detector (BOD) you are using to appropriate
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pins on the arduino.</li>
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<li>Using the <a href="https://www.arduino.cc/en/software" target="_blank">arduino IDE
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(integrated development environment)</a> or other development environment, create (or
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download) a sketch (arduino program) that includes the CMRI library.
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</li>
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<li>In the sketch, assign this emulated CMRI node as Node 1.</li>
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<li>In the sketch, use bit 0 for sending the sensor state (unoccupied=0 or occupied=1).
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Some sensors will indicate an occupied block by a LOW signal on the arduino pin while
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others will go HIGH - be sure you know which is which for your particular sensor so you set
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the CMRI bit appropriately.</li>
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<li>Connect the USB port of your arduino to a USB cable and then to your computer.</li>
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<li>Note which USB port the arduino is connected to (on a Windows machine, for example, go
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|
to Device Manager and see which port number pops up when you plug the arduino cable into a
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|
USB port).</li>
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<li>Upload the sketch from your development environment to your arduino.</li>
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<li>Open <a href="../../apps/PanelPro/index.shtml">JMRI PanelPro.</a>
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</li>
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<li>Select Edit->Preferences->Connections from the pull-down menus and then "+" to
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add a new connection.</li>
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<li>Select "CMRI" and "Serial" and then the serial port that your arduino is connected to
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as shown <a href="../cmri/CMRI.shtml#L215">here.</a> NOTE: you will not be able to
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simultaneously run the arduino IDE serial monitor and JMRI as whichever if opened second
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|
will see that the port is in use.
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|
</li>
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<li>Check "Additional Connection Settings" and select the same "Baud rate" (serial
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communications speed) that you used in the arduino sketch.</li>
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|
<li>Click on "Configure Nodes" and then "Add Node." When the "Add Node" window opens,
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change the "Node Address" to 1 and click "Add Node" as shown <a href=
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|
"../cmri/CMRI.shtml#L296">here.</a> Close this window and click "Done." BE SURE TO HIT
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"Save" on the Preferences window.
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</li>
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<li>Open the <a href="../../tools/Sensors.shtml">sensor table</a> and create a CMRI sensor
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with system name 1001 (first CMRI bit on node 1)
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</li>
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<li>Open the <a href="../../tools/Blocks.shtml">block table</a> and create a block. Set the
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occupancy sensor to the sensor you just created.
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|
</li>
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|
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<li>Go to a panel you have created and assign the block you just created to appropriate
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track section.</li>
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|
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<li>Run trains and watch the action!</li>
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</ul>
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<p><a href="#top">[Go to top of page]</a>
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</p>
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<p>CBUS® is a registered trade mark of Dr Michael Bolton</p>
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